UCs have equal or near-equal width and depth and are more suited to being oriented vertically to carry axial load such as columns in multi-storey construction, while UBs are significantly deeper than they are wide are more suited to carrying bending load such as beam elements in floors. Parallel flanges are easier to connect to and do away with the need for tapering washers. These sections have parallel flanges (shown as "W-Section" in the accompanying illustration), as opposed to the varying thickness of RSJ flanges (illustrated as "S-Section") which are seldom now rolled in the UK.
British and European standards also specify Universal Beams (UBs) and Universal Columns (UCs). A common type of I-beam is the rolled steel joist (RSJ)-sometimes incorrectly rendered as reinforced steel joist. I-beams are commonly made of structural steel but may also be formed from aluminium or other materials. Plate girder, formed by welding (or occasionally bolting or riveting) plates.Rolled I-beam, formed by hot rolling, cold rolling or extrusion (depending on material).Today, rolled cross-sections have been partially displaced in such work by fabricated cross-sections. īethlehem Steel was a leading supplier of rolled structural steel of various cross-sections in American bridge and skyscraper work of the mid-twentieth century. The method of producing an I-beam, as rolled from a single piece of wrought iron, was patented by Alphonse Halbou of the company Forges de la Providence in 1849. On the other hand, the cross-section has a reduced capacity in the transverse direction, and is also inefficient in carrying torsion, for which hollow structural sections are often preferred. The Euler–Bernoulli beam equation shows that the I-shaped section is a very efficient form for carrying both bending and shear loads in the plane of the web.
The web resists shear forces, while the flanges resist most of the bending moment experienced by the beam. The horizontal elements of the I are called flanges, and the vertical element is known as the "web". I-beams are typically made of structural steel and serve a wide variety of construction uses. Technical terms for similar items include H-beam (for universal column, UC), w-beam (for "wide flange"), universal beam ( UB), rolled steel joist ( RSJ), or double-T (especially in Polish, Bulgarian, Spanish, Italian and German). I-beam is a generic lay term for a variety of structural members with an I or H-shaped cross-section. This I-beam is used to support the first floor of a house.
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